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Dextran solution is a sterile aqueous solution of dextran, a complex polysaccharide that can have various medical applications due to its properties as a colloid. Here are some key functions and uses of dextran solution:

1. Plasma Volume Expansion:
Dextran solutions are often used in clinical settings as plasma volume expanders. They help to increase the volume of circulating blood in patients with hypovolemia (low blood volume) due to conditions such as trauma, surgery, or hemorrhage. This can help stabilize blood pressure and improve circulation.

2. Improvement of Microcirculation:
By increasing blood volume, dextran solutions can enhance blood flow in the microcirculation, making it easier for oxygen and nutrients to reach tissues, which is especially beneficial during surgical procedures.

3. Prevention of Blood Clots:
Dextran solutions can reduce blood viscosity and may help decrease the incidence of thromboembolism (blood clots) in certain surgical or immobilized patients by improving blood flow.

4. Ophthalmic Applications:
Dextran solutions are sometimes used as viscoelastic agents during eye surgeries (such as cataract removal) to maintain the shape of the eye and protect delicate tissues during the procedure.

5. Drug Delivery:
Dextran can also serve as a carrier in drug delivery systems, helping to stabilize and transport medications within the body.

6. Laboratory Use:
In research and laboratory settings, dextran solutions may be employed in cell culture and various biochemical assays.

It is important to note that while dextran solutions have these beneficial effects, they must be administered carefully under medical supervision, as there are potential side effects and contraindications, including allergic reactions and interference with blood typing in some cases.